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Albert Abramson traced the first appearance of the word television to a paper presented in Paris by the Russian electrical engineer Constantin Perskyi on August 25, 1900. Perskyi discussed his own work as well as the contributions of his predecessors, such as Paul Nipkow, and suggested television as a replacement for words like telectroscope, one of many terms already in common use whenever the phenomenon of distant electric vision was under discussion. The International Electricity Congress, which heard the paper, was meeting in Paris that summer because this is where the great Exposition Universelle of 1900 was being held. For film historians, the exposition is renowned for its fabulous array of new projection technologies, involving everything from widescreen and color to talking pictures and Cineorama. Perskyi's linguistic contribution, on the other hand, is remembered only by specialists. One wonders if the proponents of the téléoscope and the téléphote, as they roamed the exposition, gave any thought to these new marvels of the cinema, and asked themselves why their medium still lagged so far behind in every conceivable measure. Seeing at a distance was a notion that had captivated engineers and entrepreneurs since word of Alexander Graham Bell's telephone first began to spread in the late 1870s, yet here it was 1900, and still only in the talking stage? People around the world had been waiting for television for decades, but the engineers had given them the cinema instead, a rival moving-image medium that appeared to have leapt from dream to multinational industry almost overnight. For generations, historians would carefully segregate the development of these two media, one based on photomechanical technology, the other primarily an electronic system. Back then, technology was destiny. But from the perspective of our own media environment, one that has effaced most of the distinctions that once seemed so formidable, things look very different. The word film is already obsolete, and we probably need a new Perskyi to tell us what to do about television. An argument can be made that this is no revolution, but simply a return to first principles. Film and television may have grown up very differently, but for some of the Journal of e-Media Studies Volume 5, Issue 1, 2016 Dartmouth College

Television in the Cinema Before 1939: An International Annotated Database, with an Introduction by Richard Koszarski