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Background: The ODU 11/12 dental explorer and differential reflectometry have been used for subgingival dental calculus detection, but little or no data is available to validate their ability to reliably discriminate between dental calculus-positive and -negative tooth root surfaces. This study comparatively assessed, using an in vitro typodont model system, the ability of an ODU 11/12 dental explorer and a DetecTar differential reflectometry device to accurately identify subgingival dental calculus on tooth root surfaces. Materials and Methods: Three typodont models containing a total of 108 subgingival sites on mandibular posterior plastic teeth, of which 57 (52.8%) had artificial dental calculus deposits, were mounted in manikin phantom heads and scored for subgingival calculus by a team of periodontist examiners using an ODU 11/12 dental explorer and a DetecTar differential reflectometry device. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy (diagnostic effectiveness) of the two subgingival calculus detection methods were calculated and compared. Results: The ODU 11/12 explorer provided higher sensitivity (91.2% versus 75.4%), better negative predictive values (88.9-89.8% versus 75.9%), and higher overall accuracy (diagnostic effectiveness) (85.2-88.9% versus 80.6%) than differential reflectometry for the detection of subgingival calculus on all types of mandibular posterior tooth surfaces. On proximal tooth surfaces, the DetecTar differential reflectometry device had an inferior level of accuracy for subgingival calculus detection (72.2%) as compared to the ODU 11/12 explorer (83.3-85.2%). Conclusion: The ODU 11/12 dental explorer provided a high level of in vitro discrimination between subgingival calculus-positive and -negative tooth surfaces, and diagnostically performed in vitro better than a DetecTar differential reflectometry device, supporting its continued use in dental licensure examinations and dental practice for detection of subgingival dental calculus. However, before definitive clinical recommendations can be made, additional efficacy studies in vivo of both subgingival dental calculus detection methods must be performed. Thomas E. Rams1,2*, Jennifer A. Lopes1, Micah A. Crowley1 and Susan M. Chialastri1 1Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Temple University School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA 2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA *Address for Correspondence Thomas E. Rams, Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Temple University School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA, Tel: (215) 707-2941; Fax (215) 707-4223; Email: trams@temple.edu Submission: 12 May, 2017 Accepted: 08 September, 2017 Published: 14 September, 2017 Copyright: © 2017 Rams TE, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Research Article Open Access

Comparative in vitro Performance of an ODU 11/12 Dental Explorer and Differential Reflectometry for Detection of Subgingival Dental Calculus