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Digitalization opens up new opportunities in the collection, analysis, andpresentation of data which can contribute to the achievement of the 2030 Agendaand its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In particular, the access to andcontrol of environmental and geospatial data is fundamental to identify andunderstand global issues and trends. Also immediate crises such as the COVID-19pandemic demonstrate the importance of accurate health data such as infectionstatistics and the relevance of digital tools like video conferencingplatforms. However, today much of the data is collected and processed byprivate actors. Thus, governments and researchers depend on data platforms andproprietary systems of big tech companies such as Google or Microsoft. Themarket capitalization of the seven largest US and Chinese big tech companieshas grown to 8.7tn USD in recent years, about twice the size of Germany's grossdomestic product (GDP). Therefore, their market power is enormous, allowingthem to dictate many rules of the digital space and even interfere withlegislations. Based on a literature review and nine expert interviews thisstudy presents a framework that identifies the risks and consequences along theworkflow of collecting, processing, storing, using of data. It also includessolutions that governmental and multilateral actors can strive for to alleviatethe risks. Fundamental to this framework is the novel concept of "datacolonialism" which describes today's trend of private companies appropriatingthe digital sphere. Historically, colonial nations used to grab indigenous landand exploit the cheap labor of slave workers. In a similar way, today's bigtech corporations use cheap data of their users to produce valuable servicesand thus create enormous market power.

Security implications of digitalization: The dangers of data colonialism  and the way towards sustainable and sovereign management of environmental  data