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BIPV systems are small PV generation units spread out over the territory, andwhose characteristics are very diverse. This makes difficult a cost-effectiveprocedure for monitoring, fault detection, performance analyses, operation andmaintenance. As a result, many problems affecting BIPV systems go undetected.In order to carry out effective automatic fault detection procedures, we need aperformance indicator that is reliable and that can be applied on many PVsystems at a very low cost. The existing approaches for analyzing theperformance of PV systems are often based on the Performance Ratio (PR), whoseaccuracy depends on good solar irradiation data, which in turn can be verydifficult to obtain or cost-prohibitive for the BIPV owner. We present analternative fault detection procedure based on a performance indicator that canbe constructed on the sole basis of the energy production data measured at theBIPV systems. This procedure does not require the input of operating conditionsdata, such as solar irradiation, air temperature, or wind speed. Theperformance indicator, called Performance to Peers (P2P), is constructed fromspatial and temporal correlations between the energy output of neighboring andsimilar PV systems. This method was developed from the analysis of the energyproduction data of approximately 10,000 BIPV systems located in Europe. Theresults of our procedure are illustrated on the hourly, daily and monthly datamonitored during one year at one BIPV system located in the South of Belgium.Our results confirm that it is possible to carry out automatic fault detectionprocedures without solar irradiation data. P2P proves to be more stable than PRmost of the time, and thus constitutes a more reliable performance indicatorfor fault detection procedures.

Automatic fault detection on BIPV systems without solar irradiation data