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Epicharis Klug, 1807 (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Centridini) is an exclusively Neotropical genus of bees representing about 35 species, which exhibit solitary behavior, the habit of digging their nests in the ground, usually in large aggregations (Roubik & Michener, 1980; Hiller & Wittmann, 1994; Gaglianone, 2005; Thiele & Inouye, 2007; Rocha-Filho et al., 2008; Rozen, 2016; Dec & Vivallo, 2019). Epicharis belongs to a group of approximately 400 species known as oil-collecting bees, due to the female behavior of collecting floral oils, which are used for both cell construction and larval provisions (Alves-dosSantos et al., 2007; Gaglianone et al., 2011). Aspects of the nesting biology for different species of Epicharis, including details on the nest architecture and female behavior during nest construction and cell provisioning, have been studied in seven out of nine subgenera belonging to Abstract We investigated the nesting behavior of females of Epicharis dejeanii and the architecture of their nests, in a large aggregation in a Restinga area, on Ilha do Superagui, southern Brazil. Surveys were carried out intermittently through the warm-wet seasons from different years between 2013 and 2017. The nest aggregation occupied an area of approximately 2,000 m2 and was situated on a sand bank and on flat sandy soil. Each nest consisted of a long unbranched tunnel, averaging 1.45 ± 0.35 m (N = 8), connected to a single brood cell with a mean length of 3.13 ± 0.2 cm (N = 13) and mean diameter of 1.2 ± 0.1 cm (N = 11). On average, females carried out 4.0 ± 2.4 foraging trips per day (N = 109) to collect floral resources for provisioning brood cells. Similar times were spent by females in their foraging trips for: only pollen (15.8 ± 14.3 min, N = 72), oil (22.5 ± 15.7 min, N = 45), or both resources (17.0 ± 15.1, N = 63). Our findings reveal that some variation in both nesting architecture and female behavior of E. dejeanii during nesting activities can occur in different locations from the same region. Sociobiology An international journal on social insects

sociobiology

Nest Structure, Seasonality and Female Behavior of Epicharis (Anepicharis) dejeanii Lepeletier (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Centridini) in a Restinga Ecosystem, in Southern Brazil