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Within the framework of pronunciation, morphology, and syntax, linguistic doubts and un- certainties belong to the everyday business and everyday life of linguists and public speakers. Cases of lexical semantic doubts, however, have been brushed aside by post-Saussurian and all the more by post-Bloomfieldian linguists so far. This paper deals with such lexical seman- tic doubts and uncertainties which not only rise from language use within "parole" but are caused by a conflict of opposite or even contradictory language norms of different "langue"- varieties (e.g. the adjective positive as a medical term and in everyday colloquial language). Proceeding from an intensive discussion of the relationship between language use, language norms, and language system with special reference to Saussure, Hjelmslev, and Coseriu, the paper presents a theoretical approach to linguistically founded criticism of semantic norms by way of embedding lexical semantics into a framework of "Existenzweisen" (focusing on lan- guage use, norms, and system), "Existenzformen" (in particular norms of special discourses and varieties), and "language history and social stratification" (in particular age-based vo- cabularies and semantics). Finally, the paper turns this theoretic approach into practice by way of describing, explaining, and solving semantic doubts of the German word Zigeuner (gipsy). This example taken from the discourse on "political correctness" is investigated in the broader context of the word's historical, semantic, and pragmatic dimensions in different German discourses and varieties. The systematic relations between the various usages are presented in the form of a pragmatic and semantic network displaying the interconnections and borders between the meanings and gives recommendations to the word's use. 1 Zweifelhafte Vagabunden: Zur Lexikologie des semantischen Zweifels Es gibt in der deutschen Sprache eine Klasse von Wörtern, die dazu tendieren, beim Über- schreiten von Varietätengrenzen Verständigungs- und Kommunikationsprobleme zu evozie- ren. Dieser Befund ist empirisch nachweisbar, und er spiegelt sich mittelbar auch in einigen Publikationen der deutschen Sprachwissenschaft, die mit Titelstichwörtern wie "Wörterbuch der sprachlichen Zweifelsfälle" (Duden RgD), "Wörterbuch der Sprachschwierigkeiten" (Dückert/Kempcke), "Schwere Wörter" (Henne/Mentrup), "Brisante Wörter" (Strauß/Haß/Harras), "Kontroverse Begriffe" (Stötzel/Wengeler) auf derlei Wörter aufmerk- sam machen. Ein kritischer Punkt der sprachwissenschaftlichen Erforschung dieser Wörter ist es jedoch bislang, dass sie den Befund der Schwierigkeit, der Schwere, Brisanz und Kontro-

Wörter im Zweifel. Ansätze einer linguistisch begründeten kritischen Semantik