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⋅Received:20 December 2018 ⋅Revised:26 December 2018 ⋅Accepted:26 December 2018 ⋅Correspondence to: Seong-Woo Lim Dept of Korean Internal Medicine, Ilsan Oriental Hospital of Dongguk University Sik sa-dong Dog-gu Il san Go-yang, Republic of Korea Tel: +82-31-961-9043, E-mail: omdlsw@naver.com Objectives: The objective of this study is Korean mistletoe lectin (Viscum album coloratum agglutinin, VCA) and bee venom (BV) to experimental prove comparative study of VCA and BV on the anti-cancer effect and mechanisms of action. Methods: In this study, it was examined in a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, Hep G2 cells. Cytotoxic effects of VCA and BV on Hep G2 cells were determined by 3(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in vitro. VCA and BV killed Hep G2 cells in a timeand dose-dependent manner. Results: The apoptotic cell death was then confirmed by propidium iodide staining and DNA fragmentation analysis. The mechanisms of action was examined by the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases. Treatment of Hep G2 cells with VCA activated poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) known as a marker of apoptosis, and mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathways including SAPK/JNK, MAPK and p38. BV also activated PARP-1, MAPK, p38 but not JNK. The expression level of anti-apoptotic molecule, Bcl-X, was decreased by VCA treatment but not BV. Finally, the phosphorylation level of ERM proteins involved in the cytoskeleton homeostasis was decreased by both stimuli. Conclusion: We examined the involvement of kinase in VCA or BV induced apoptosis by using kinase inhibitors. VCA-induced apoptosis was partially inhibited by in the presence

A Comparative Study of Korean mistletoe lectin and bee venom on mechanism in inducing apoptosis of Hep G2, a liver cancer cell