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EnglishIn the present paper, we seek to investigate the presence of the roman poet Martial in the Spanish literature of the XVII century. We chose for the object of analysis the two treatises written by the Spanish Jesuit Baltasar Gracian: Arte de ingenio, tratado de la agudeza (1642) and Agudeza y arte de ingenio (1648). In both, the Martial’s epigrams are widely referred as examples of wits and the roman poet is considered, by the Spanish Jesuit, as the first great wit poet. Therefore, in analyzing the presence of Martial in Gracian’s treatises, we seek to understand the path covered by the Epigrams and his uses in the XVII century in Spain portuguesNeste artigo procuramos investigar a presenca do poeta romano Mar-cial na literatura espanhola do seculo XVII. Escolhemos, como objeto de analise, os dois tratados escritos pelo jesuita espanhol Baltasar Gracian, a Arte de ingenio, tratado de la agudeza (1642) e a Agudeza y arte de ingenio (1648). Em ambos, os epigramas de Marcial sao amplamente citados como exemplos de agudezas e o poeta romano e considerado, pelo jesuita espanhol, como primeiro grande empregador da figura. Dessa forma, ao analisarmos a presenca de Marcial nos tratados de Gracian, buscamos compreender o caminho percorrido pelos livros de Epigramas e seu emprego no seculo XVII espanhol.

«El primogénito de la agudeza»: os epigramas de Marcial na literatura espanhola do século XVII