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. Numerous modeling and field studies have evaluated the effectiveness of vegetative treatment systems in treating runoff from animal feeding operations; however, none have evaluated the effectiveness of vegetative treatment areas (VTAs) receiving direct runoff from small swine operations. The project objective was to determine whether a sufficiently sized VTA alone can effectively remediate direct runoff from small swine operations ( 3 -N concentrations and loads increased. The Bell County VTA significantly reduced most nutrient concentrations and loads, many to the level of the control site, which represents â€œnear idealâ€ performance. The Brazos County VTA also significantly reduced all nutrient concentrations and loads except for NO 3 -N, but the reductions were not adequate to match levels at the control. The Robertson County VTA inlet and outlet produced low nutrient concentrations and loads that were similar to the control, which is partially attributed to alternative management of solids and enclosed barn pens. Average soil N and P levels decreased from April 2013 to October 2014, although some nutrient build-up did occur near the VTA inlets in Bell and Brazos County. Based on these results, with proper consideration of design and management factors (e.g., solids management, perennial grass cover and subsequent haying and removal, and nutrient loads/VTA area), VTAs can be practical, environmentally-friendly waste management alternatives.

Vegetated Treatment Area Effectiveness at Reducing Nutrient Runoff from Small Swine Operations in Central Texas