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The proteinaceous paracrystaline structures called spindles that are produced by some entomopoxviruses (EPVs) are known to strongly enhance the infectivity of various nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs). These proteinaceous bodies thus may be potential synergists of bio-control agents (such as NPVs) for insect pests. Although the infectivity-enhancing ability of spindles needs to be highly stable when they are used as synergists in the field, little is known regarding the effects of various abiotic factors, e.g. high temperature and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, on this stability. In the present study, we exposed Anomala cuprea EPV (AcEPV) spindles to various abiotic factors and examined their subsequent ability to enhance the infectivity of Bombyx mori NPV in B. mori larvae. The enhancing activity of AcEPV spindles was stable against high temperature, UV-B irradiation, ethyl alcohol, or the bactericide benzalkonium chloride and persisted after long exposure to formaldehyde. These results suggest that spindles are stable materials, even though they are composed of proteins, and thus are promising potential synergists of various viral insecticides.

Stability of the viral-enhancing ability of entomopoxvirus spindles exposed to various abiotic factors