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Syngrapha ottolenguii (Noctuidae: Plusiinae) is a typical Japanese alpine moth with adults appearing from mid to late summer. Field and laboratory studies show that this species has a univoltine cycle in 1 year, although one generation can be completed in 60 days at 16L-8D and 20°C. We found two strategies—short-day-induced prolongation of 2nd and 3rd instar larval stages for winter, and long-day-induced arrestment of reproductive maturation in adults for summer to enable the univoltine life history without obligatory diapause in the severe alpine climate. As a result, oviposition is delayed into autumn, and the late-hatching, cold-tolerant larvae overwinter under deep snow. Larvae before and after overwintering develop very slowly due to their unique behavior of hiding from the sun's radiant heat.

applied entomology and zoology

Dual photoperiodic regulation to enable univoltine life cycle in alpine silver-Y moth, Syngrapha ottolenguii (Noctuidae: Plusiinae) without obligatory diapause