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A simple colorimetric approach using a universal pH indicator to differentiate inorganic anions according to their relative acidity or basicity is presented. Anions caused changes in the pH of the solution, producing various colors of the universal indicator. Among halides, Fwas differentiated from Cl-, Brand I-. The indicator was also used on conjugate acid-base pair anions to distinguish HCO3 from CO3 2-, HSO4 from SO4 2-, HSO3 from SO3 2-, and various phosphate species. Oxyanions SO3 2-, HSO3 -, ClO-, ClO2 and NO2 can be differentiated from oxyanions with more oxygens attached, namely, SO4 2-, HSO4 -, ClO3 -, and NO3 -, respectively. Results can be correlated with the acid ionization constant Ka and/or base hydrolysis constant Kb of the anion.

Universal pH Indicator as a Colorimetric Reagent for Differentiating Inorganic Anions