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Exposure of living organisms to heavy metals can lead to bioaccumulation and can have some detrimental health effects. This study identified the species of liver flukes present in the liver tissues of water buffaloes, determined the concentration and bioconcentration factor of cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc present in both the liver tissues and liver flukes using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Of the 1,329 liver flukes extracted from the 14 livers, Fasciola gigantica (F. gigantica) was the only species present in the collected liver tissues. The median heavy metal concentrations (μg/g) in the liver tissues were 0.93, 9.13, 4.75, and 48.95 for cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc, respectively. F. gigantica had median heavy metal concentrations (μg/g) of 3.32, 72.26, 20.82, and 159.37 for cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc, respectively. Both the liver tissues and F. gigantica were identified to contain varying concentrations of these heavy metals (p<0.05). The presence of these heavy metals in both the liver tissues and F. gigantica suggests heavy metal contamination of the areas where the carabaos graze. The bioconcentration factors for cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc were greater than 1.0 indicating that liver flukes are good bioaccumulators and bioindicators of environmental pollution.

Bioaccumulation of Cadmium, Copper, Lead, and Zinc in Water Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) Infected with Liver Flukes (Fasciola gigantica)