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Current highlight on the etiology of male infertility is disorder of sperm motility in which caused by ion homeostasis imbalance involving the ubiquitous multifunctional transmembrane protein, Na+K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase enzymes. The emphasis of this review is evaluating the sperm Na+K+-ATPase and Ca2+ATPase activity as predictive parameters of sperm motility disorder. To this purpose, a computerized search of PubMed database was performed and obtained data were reviewed in this paper. The retrieved studies were laboratory experiments involving human and mice sperm as the subjects. Na+ K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase play an essential role in sperm motility by controlling ion homeostasis. Na+ K+-ATPase maintains the intracellular pH by transporting 3 Na+ out and 2 K+ into the cell, whereas Ca2+-ATPase extrudes Ca2+ from the cell. The impairment of these enzymes and its isoforms, Na+ K+-ATPase a4 and PMCA4 expression were proved to decrease sperm motility.

Sperm Na+ K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase Activities: A Potential Predictive Parameter of Sperm Motility Disorder in Infertile Men