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Camels play an important socio-economic role within the pastoral and agricultural system in the dry and semidry zones of Asia and African where they are dual purpose animals (meat and milk). In spite of the effective role of casein genes with their polymorphisms on quantitative traits and technological properties of milk, the studies on genetic polymorphism of camel milk genes are limited. This work aimed to identify the genetic polymorphisms and SNPs of two casein genes in Maghrabi camel breed in Egypt. The amplified fragments at 488-bp of κ-CN gene were digested with AluI endonuclease. The results showed the presence of three genotypes; CC (12%), TT (48%) CT (40%). The sequence analysis of two detected alleles declared the presence of a SNP (C→T) at position 121 in amplified fragments. The nucleotide sequences of κ-CN alleles C and T were submitted to GenBank with accession numbers; KU055605 and KU055606, respectively. The primers used in this study amplified 942-bp fragments of as1-casein gene. The results of SmlI digestion did not showed any restriction site whereas the digestion with AluI endonuclease revealed the presence of two restriction sites AG^CT at positions 68^69 and 631^632 in amplified fragments. The nucleotide sequence of monomorphic αs1-casein gene was submitted to GenBank with accession number KU145820.In conclusion, the genetic characterization of genes associated with milk yield and composition in camel is considered an essential step towards its genetic improvement through the selection of superior animals depending on the favorable alleles and genotypes; marker assisted selection (MAS).

Genetic Variations in Two Casein Genes Among Maghrabi Camels Reared in Egypt