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Glacier's computerized Geographical Information System was used to determine general elevation and slope limits of fescue grasslands and coverage of these grasslands within specific drainages. Size-specific mortality comparisons of trees in burned versus unbrirned ecotone areas in the North Fork grasslands were used to assess the role of fire in preventing tree encroachment into grasslands. In each of 11 grassland study sites, the presence of all vascular plant species, excluding Carex spp., was determine in 25-50 quadrats (0.1m2) placed along a 100m transect Species frequency and richness were determined for each site. Sites were adjacent to primary roads (4 sites), secondary roads (4 sites), and back country trails (3 sites). In 6 other sites, each of which was approximately 20 ha in size, vertebrate populations were censused using a 400 m trap line of Sherman live traps (small mamma~s), the "consecutive flush" method (birds), burrow densities in 10 x 100 belt transects (ground squirrels and badgers), surface coverage of elk pellets, and a limited number of pitfall traps (amphibians and reptiles). Trapping was repeated twice each summer (late June/early July and late August). Possible impacts of transportation routes and underground utility line construction were assessed using two quadrat-based vegetation parameters (native species richness, exotic species richness). Native plant species richness was also estimated in stands dominated by common timothy, spotted knapweed, and native fescues.

Ecology of Fescue Grasslands in Glacier National Park