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A lunar long duration method which utilizes a characteristic of a very low thermal conductivity of lunar regolith has been proposed. The principle of this method is to put heater in desired depth of the regolith and heat up the regolith layer during lunar daytime. Because of the very low thermal conductivity of regolith, stored heat in regolith propagates gradually and raises the surface temperature at cold lunar night. By this method, a lunar lander will be kept warm passively during cold lunar night. In this paper, a temporospatially small-scale experimental apparatus which simulate lunar surface environment was fabricated and thermal cycling condition and heater setting position was calculated by comparing lunar environment, and thermophysical properties of the lunar regolith and regolith simulant used in this work. The feasibility of a passive thermal control method with no electrical power during lunar night time was evaluated. 1. 背景および目的 月は地球から最も近い天体であり,人類は 1969 年のアポロ 11 号で初めて降り立った.アポロ計画以降,月 へのアプローチは軌道上からの観測が主となっていた.しかし近年,月面に軟着陸して探査を行う動きが世界 的に再燃しており,中国では他に先駆け 2013 年 12 月に無人探査機の打ち上げと月面への着陸を成功させた (ZeZhou, et al., 2013).またロシアを中心とするヨーロッパ諸国やインドも名乗りを上げており,日本でも SELENE-2 計画で 2015 年頃の無人着陸探査を予定している (Kokhanov, et al., 2012, and Tanaka, et al., 2013).月探 査は地球の起源を探るため,また今後の宇宙開発の足掛かりとして大きな意義を持つ. 月面は公転周期の関係で,昼と夜が地球時間にして 29.53 日周期で訪れる (Langseth, et al., 1973).加えて,月 の大気は非常に希薄であるため,昼夜の温度差が非常に大きくなる.特に,夜間は外部エネルギー(太陽光エ ネルギー)の利用が不可能であり,電力リソースが不足するため,熱設計が成立し難い.これまでの月面探査 機の多くは,夜間保温のために原子力電池を搭載しており,その他のケースの多くは越夜を考えていない (Ulamec, et al., 2010).しかし,日本の宇宙開発においては原子力を用いることができないため,長期に渡る探査 野津 亮太,長野 方星,小川 博之 *1, *2 Department of Aerospace Engineering, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku,Nagoya-shi, Aichi 464-8603, Japan *3 Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, JAXA 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 980-8579, Japan Received 27 January 2014

A proposal of lunar long duration method (Fabrication of lunar environment simulator and experimental validation)