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The characterization of periodic surfaces is crucial for a variety of engineering applications, such as telecommunication, frequency filters, small-scale photonic or phononic crystals, tailored sliding friction, non-destructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E), etc. The deployment of periodic surface structures has received much interest in adhesive bond quality (Leduc, 2006), collimation of sound (Christensen, 2007), heat exchangers consisting the tube bundles (Heckl, 1995), NDE of non-planar surfaces (Kundu, 2006), and inspection for machined part surfaces (Huynh, 1992). In addition, periodic profile claddings often applied on thick plates and pipes in order to prevent corrosion in the nuclear power industry (Krasnova, 2006). Generally, integrity of periodic surfaces is indispensable for determining product quality, since it directly affects functional attributes of components, for example fatigue life, friction, wear, contact stress distribution (Whitehouse, 1997). Several methods are available for characterizing the integrity of periodically rough surfaces, which include stylus profiling, optical and ultrasonic techniques. The study of methods for surface metrology is well developed and reviews of these methods can be found in the literature (Bennet, 1992). The stylus profiling can provide a direct measurement with dependable and rationally representative numerical values of surface profile but requires fairly long time measurement for scanning large area and the hard stylus tip may create surface scratches as an unexpected manner (Oh, 1994). Optical techniques are generally the most popular noncontact measurement, which can be performed relatively quickly and not restricted to electrically conductive materials (Sherrington, 1988). But these are responsive to the

Ultrasonic evaluation of the pitch of periodically rough surfaces from back side