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As a result of the severe accident in the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station after the Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011, many people have begun to consider the best way to provide a safe and secure electrical power supply to Japan. Many have suggested that further promotion of renewable energy is required. The feed-in tariff system for renewable energy was started in 2012, marking the beginning of practical and widespread deployment of renewable energy. However, the electrical power supply from thermal power plants, which burn petroleum or coal, has increased, while that from nuclear power plants has stagnated. The emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide has therefore increased, and it decreased in 2014 with effort of energy conservation, greater adoption of renewable energy and fuel conversion (Ministry of the Environment, Government of Japan, 2015). Slowing down global warming is an urgent issue, and public bus transportations should be taken the lead in reducing carbon dioxide emissions. This work focusses on a bus system where buses are rapidly charged at every bus stop. Because of the lower mileage requirement, this allows a reduced weight of the storage device mounted on the bus. Furthermore, a zero-emission public transport system could be realized by powering the bus by electricity generated from renewable energy sources near each bus stop. Particular attention has been paid to the distribution of bus stops to effectively utilize widely distributed and low density renewable energy sources such as solar energy. In this system, the duration of a short stop at a bus stop, during which passengers get on and off, was assumed to be 20 s. One of the most important tasks for successful implementation of the proposed system was therefore the Abstract In a sustainable city, public transportation is prohibited from emitting greenhouse gases. A vehicle running on electric power generated from a green energy source does not emit carbon dioxide (a major greenhouse gas) and is thus optimal for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. To pursue this goal, we propose a public transport system consisting of electric buses that are quickly charged at every bus stop, using electric power generated from green energy sources. Such a system resolves the problem of low mileage per charge for heavy batteries. This system would also be able to effectively use low density and widely available solar energy to generate power at bus stops, which are widely distributed throughout a city. In this paper, an electric bus system that is rapidly charged at every bus stop, using electric power generated from green energy sources is introduced first. Next, the simple full-size electric bus simulator is constructed by extrapolating the parameters obtained from the single-passenger electric vehicle. Then, the simulations in some characteristic cases are performed, and the results are examined, especially the change of the state of charge (SOC) of the battery mounted on the bus, the energy charging to the bus at the bus stop and the travel time including the stoppages of 20 s at each bus stop. Last, the storage equipment capacity of the full-scale electric bus and the specifications of the bus stop, in particular the capacity of the solar modules, are estimated using the constructed simulator.

Basic research on an electric fixed-route bus system with green fast charging at every bus stop using a simulator