English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

In order to improve piezoelectric response of polycrystals in a macro scale, micro distribution of crystal orientations was optimized by using multiscale finite element method based on crystallographic homogenization theory. As a result, two characteristic optimum solutions were obtained for micro structure. One is a polycrystalline structure laminated with three specified grains for macro piezoelectric strain constant d333, the other is a polycrystalline structure consisting of two regularly-neighboring grains with specified orientations for d331. As the maximum micro strain occurs by electric and mechanical effects, the optimized micro structures exhibit the highest macro piezoelectricity that is beyond single crystal. Their micro structures are available for piezoelectric ceramics such as BaTiO3 and Pb (Zr, Ti) O3, that have the maximum piezoelectric strain constant under off-axis electric field.

Optimum Design of Micro Crystal Morphology in Piezoelectric Ceramics by Multiscale Finite Element Analysis