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The effects of Fe and K contents of Feand K-loaded chars containing 0 23% Fe and 0–20% K, respectively, with negligible amounts of poisoning elements, on the CO2 gasification behavior (C + CO2 → 2CO) were investigated in the temperature range of 750–1050 °C. For 23% Fe-loaded char at gasification temperatures of 900 and 1000 °C, the CO2 gasification rate constants (Kp) were respectively 3.3 times and ~ 8 times higher than those of the char without Fe. At 900 °C, the Kp value increased with an increase in the Fe content up to 10% and remained almost constant above 10% Fe. For K-loaded chars, the Kp value of the char loaded with 10% K had a maximum value of 5.4 min at 900 °C; this value was ~ 300 times that of the char without K loading and ~ 90 times higher than the corresponding Kp values of Fe-loaded chars at 900 °C. The addition of excess K (upon loading greater than 10%) to bio-char decreased the Kp because of the decrease in the number of active sites on the char surface.

Effect of metal content on CO<sub>2</sub> gasification behavior of K- and Fe-loaded bio-chars