English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

The effects of external and internal disturbances on the development of boundary layer with heat transfer are investigated by means of direct numerical simulation (DNS) based on the finite difference scheme. The fractional step method is used to solve the governing equations. The external disturbance is generated by a regular turbulence-generating grid, while the internal disturbance is generated by a tripping object mounted on the wall. In order to clarify the momentum and heat transfer mechanism in a boundary layer under these effects, the instantaneous and statistical characteristics of velocity and temperature fields are presented and discussed along with their interactions. The results show that the boundary layer in the case with grid turbulence becomes turbulent even though the Reynolds number based on the momentum thickness is low. On the other hand, in the case with the tripping object, only low-amplitude fluctuations are generated in the vicinity of the tripping object and the boundary layer does not fully developed. The grid increases the skin friction and enhances heat transfer more significantly than the tripping object. It is also found that strong strain in the viscous sublayer, which is induced by the vortical motion in the buffer layer, contributes to the enhancement of heat transfer.

DNS study on the development of boundary layer with heat transfer under the effects of external and internal disturbances