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An attempt of experiment / simulation integrated design optimization is performed for the blade airfoil shape of a vertical axis wind turbine. A variable fidelity Kriging surrogate model approach is utilized in this integrated design optimization, in which a surrogate model is constructed from both high-fidelity and low-fidelity sample points information. In this research, the high and low fidelity performance functions are respectively defined from experimental and numerical evaluation methods. In the numerical evaluation method, 2D steady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are performed for the evaluation of an airfoil shape. An optimal airfoil shape is explored on the accurate variable fidelity surrogate model which is constructed in 9 design variables space representing various blade airfoil shapes. The validity and effectiveness of the present integrated design optimization are discussed by comparing with another approximate optimal airfoil shape which is obtained only by CFD computations. The optimal design obtained by the developed approach showed 8% larger performance value in the experimental evaluation compared with the approximate optimal design. More efficient shape optimization can be realized by including the low-fidelity information, whose functional trends are utilized to construct accurate surrogate models.

Experiment / simulation integrated shape optimization using variable fidelity Kriging model approach