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There are no recommended diagnostic criteria for transient congenital hypothyroidism (CH) during early childhood. In this study, we aimed to identify the factors that distinguish permanent (P)- and transient (T)-CH. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical, biochemical, and imaging data of 42 children with a definitive diagnosis of P- or T-CH by re-evaluation tests at our institution from November 1986 to October 2019. Patients who continued levothyroxine (L-T 4 ) treatment after the re-evaluation tests were classified as group P (n = 19), while patients who were diagnosed with T-CH and discontinued L-T 4 treatment were classified as group T (n = 23). Initial testing performed during infancy showed that the mean serum TSH and free T4 (FT4) levels did not differ significantly between groups P and T. None of the patients in group T required an increased dosage of L-T 4 at the age of 3 yr and above while 85% of the patients in group P required increased dosages of L-T 4 . Hence, T-CH was suspected in patients who did not require an increase in L-T 4 dosage at the age of 3 yr and above.

Increase in doses of levothyroxine at the age of 3 years and above is useful for distinguishing transient and permanent congenital hypothyroidism