English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

The purpose of bird song and the way in which it is delivered has been argued to be adapted mainly for territorial defense. We performed a field experiment with the combination of playbacks and a model to test how much song actually relates to increased territorial defense in the territorial tropical songbird, the Pied Bush Chat, during breeding season (Feb–May, 2015) at Haridwar, Himalayan Foothills, India. As expected, the results of the experiment indicated that song was the major cue used by territory holders to cope with rival intrusions. The song rate was particularly escalated during simulated territorial interactions when the model was presented with a playback song of conspecifics. Behaviors such as restlessness (perch change), the height of perch, and distance from the model appeared to be of relatively lesser importance. To our knowledge, no avian species from the Indian subcontinent has been studied to provide evidence that song can escalate aggressive response by a territory owner. Keywords–Territorial defense, Tropical songbird, Pied Bush Chat The science and art of bird song have been explored for decades and it is evident that bird songs are expressed for (1) mate attraction and (2) male-male rivalry during territorial acquisition and defense (Catchpole, 1982; Darwin, 1888; Eriksson & Wallin, 1986; Gil & Gahr, 2002; Krebs & Kroodsma, 1980; Laidre & Vehrencamp, 2008; Searcy & Andersson, 1986). The increased responses of females towards intense and complex singing of males have been demonstrated by the field experiments of female removal (Cuthill & Hindmarsh, 1985; Searcy, 1984). From such experiments it has been concluded that absence or presence of the female may affect the singing behaviour of the male. This helps to reveal the functionality of song in mate attraction (Krebs, Avery, & Cowie, 1981; Mountjoy & Lemon, 1991). On the other hand, territorial playbacks are the most common method of addressing the question regarding the function of song in territoriality. Field experiments to understand the role of song in territoriality are generally comprised of playback experiments at particular locations in the center or periphery in the resident male’s territory (Wunderle Jr., 1978). Collins (2004) reviewed and compiled information about such experiments along with their advantages and limitations. There are generally three main methods used to address the role of song in male-male rivalry. First are observational methods (Galeotti, Saino, Sacchi, & Møller, 1997) which simply attend to the aggressive encounters, accompanied by quality of vocal displays during a territorial dispute. Second are territorial song playbacks, during which the response of the territory holders is recorded after a simulated song is broadcasted in the

Does a rival’s song elicit territorial defense in a tropical songbird, the Pied Bush Chat (Saxicola caprata)?