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espanolIntroduccion: Estudios realizados en varios paises presentan una relacion inversa entre las tasas de desempleo (TD) y los indicadores de absentismo por incapacidad temporal (IT) durante periodos de crisis economica. Objetivo: Evaluar la relacion entre indicadores de absentismo y el desempleo en Espana (2009-2015). Metodos: Se obtuvieron tasas de incidencia (TI) y absentismo (TA) por IT de origen comun (ITcc) a partir de datos de la Seguridad Social, asi como las TD segun datos del Instituto Nacional de Estadistica. Se describio graficamente la evolucion temporal de los indicadores de ITcc y el desempleo en el periodo 2009-2015. Para explorar dicha relacion tambien se realizaron graficos de dispersion de los indicadores frente a las TD. Posteriormente, se ajustaron modelos de regresion lineal simple. Resultados: Las TI y TA descienden en 2009-2013 (TI 2009=28,07%, TI 2013=20,41%, TA 2009=2,53%, TA 2013=1,86%) momento en que cambia su tendencia, iniciando una fase ascendente hasta 2015 (TI 2015=22,52%, TA 2015=2,12%). La TD asciende en 2009-2013 (TD 2009=17,86%, TD 2013=26,10%), pasando a descender hasta 2015 (TD 2015=22,06%). Las TD y los indicadores de absentismo presentan una relacion lineal inversa. Conclusiones: Se observo una relacion inversa entre el desempleo y los indicadores de absentismo en Espana. Son necesarios estudios especificos para poder evaluar hipotesis explicativas como las asociadas a los efectos de disciplina, seleccion y/o cambios en la fuerza de trabajo. EnglishIntroduction: Different countries have shown an inverse relationship between unemployment rates (UR) and indicators of sickness absence during periods of economic recession. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between indicators of sickness absence and unemployment in Spain during 2009-2015. Methods: We obtained incidence and absenteeism rates of non-work related sickness absence (NWSA) from Social Security data, and UR from the National Institute of Statistics. The relationship between indicators of NWSA and UR in the period 2009 to 2015 was graphically described using time trend plots. Scatter plots of NWSA indicators were also made against UR. Finally, we fitted linear regression models. Results: Incidence (IR) and absenteeism rates (AR) of NWSA showed downward trends in 2009-2013 (IR 2009=28.07%, IR 2013=20.41%; AR 2009=2.53% and AR 2013=1.86%), changing to an upward trend up to 2015 (IR 2015=22.52%, AR 2015=2.12%). Unemployment rates trended upward in 2009-2013 (UR 2009=17.86%, UR 2013=26.10%), and then changed to a downward trend through 2015 (UR 2015=22.06%). There was an inverse relationship between UR and NWSA indicators. Conclusions: As in previous international studies, we found an inverse relationship between unemployment rates and indicators of sickness absence in Spain. More detailed studies are needed to evaluate explanatory hypotheses, such as those associated with the effects of discipline, selection and/or changes in the workforce.

Relación entre las tasas de desempleo y los indicadores de absentismo por incapacidad temporal durante periodos de crisis económica