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Uma ideia central da criminologia materialista e que a politica penal de uma determinada sociedade – o que e crime, quanto e como se pune – nao resulta de concepcoes juridicas, mas e funcao de sua viabilidade e necessidade economica. Partimos dessa ideia para analisar a transicao historica sucessiva de tres paradigmas punitivos da sociedade moderna – os castigos fisicos, os trabalhos forcados e o encarceramento. Seguindo e desenvolvendo as leituras de Rusche/Kirchheimer, esses paradigmas sao apresentados como politicas de Estado relacionadas a alteracoes no regime de acumulacao capitalista e da demanda de forca de trabalho. Esse raciocinio e estendido a formas contemporâneas de politica penal – em especial, o controle territorial de espacos de pobreza pela policia no municipio do Rio de Janeiro – para sugerir um quarto paradigma dessa politica, ligado a alteracoes no sentido economico da populacao no capitalismo contemporâneo. Palavras-chave: criminologia critica; politica penal; historia; sociedade moderna; Regimes de acumulacao capitalista; Georg Rusche; Otto Kirchheimer. DOI: 10.12957/rep.2016.25402 Abstract – A central idea in materialist critical criminology is that the criminal policy of a given society – what constitutes a crime, the amount and way of punishment – does not result from legal concepts, whereas it is due to its feasibility and economic necessity. We take this idea as a starting point to analyze the successive historical transition of three punitive paradigms of modern society – physical punishment, forced labor, and imprisonment. Following and developing readings of Rusche/Kirchheimer, these paradigms are presented as state policies related to changes in the regime of capital accumulation and in the demand for labor force. This reasoning is extended to contemporary forms of criminal policy – in particular, the territorial control of poverty areas by the police in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro – to suggest a fourth paradigm of this policy, linked to changes in the economic sense of the population in contemporary capitalism. Keywords: critical criminology; penal policy; history of modern society; regimes of capital accumulation; Georg Rusche; Otto Kirchheimer.

Paradigmas de política penal e sentido econômico da população: das punições corporais às UPPs