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O objetivo do presente artigo e analisar a validade da pratica da queima controlada (uso do fogo) em praticas agropastoris ou florestais no Brasil, com destaque para a mais presente delas – a da palha da cana-de-acucar. Cuida-se de pesquisa doutrinaria e documental, que analisa a relacao entre a autorizacao para a queima e o licenciamento ambiental, a necessidade de EIA e a questao da competencia usando nao apenas a legislacao, mas tambem a decisao do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) sobre a materia. Essa e uma autorizacao especifica concedida pelo orgao estadual de meio ambiente e que nao se confunde com o licenciamento e nem esta sujeita a EIA. A queima foi considerada constitucional pelo STF (RE-RG 586.224), contanto que obedecidas as condicoes do Decreto 2.661/98, ou as do ente local desde que compativeis com a regulamentacao federal, sendo a pratica permitida as demais atividades agrossilvipastoris que fizerem uso do fogo. Palavras-chave: autorizacao; palha da cana-de-acucar; competencia estadual; fogo; queima controlada.  Abstract In this article is analyzed the controlled burning sugar cane straw practice in agropastoril or forest practices, the most present kind of controlled burning in Brazil. It is a bibliographic and documentary study, that focus on analyzing the relationship between the burning authorization and the environmental licensing, the need for an Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) and the competence issue. It is a specific authorization, granted by the state environmental agency, that can not be confused with environmental licensing nor subject to EIA. Burning is considered constitutional by the Brazilian Supreme Court (RE-RG 586.224), provided that the conditions of Decree 2.661/98, or those of the local environmental agency (as long as it does not disrespect the federal regulations). It concerns to any similar agroforestry activities. Keywords: authorization; sugar cane straw; State competence; fire; controlled burning

LIMITES AO USO DO FOGO (QUEIMA CONTROLADA) NO CANAVIAL E EM OUTRAS PRÁTICAS AGROPASTORIS OU FLORESTAIS