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The first studies regarding the constitution of the Araruama lagoonal system, located in the Rio de Janeiro state (SE Brazil), were carried out by Alberto Ribeiro Lamego. This author supported the thesis that it had resulted from the formation of a sand barrier (called Massambaba) due to the longitudinal transport of large quantities of sediments through coastal drift currents, and the growth of spits parallel to the shoreline. However, most recent studies largely rejected it, sustaining that the confinement of these hydric environments was the result of the growth of two sand barriers during the Pleistocene and Holocene times (120.000 to 7.000 years before present - BP) due to the sea level changes. The hypothesis that we suggest, is that both propositions are acceptable and complementary. This study aims to demonstrate that, despite the opinions on the formation of the double sand barrier, deposition of sediments by coastal drift currents at the end of the Holocene, and especially in recent chronologies, also contributed to the establishment of this lagoon system. In our opinion, the increased sediment supplies due to human activities contributed to the formation of the inner spits and the nearby sea sandbar. Its orientation was influenced by the existence of the island of Cabo Frio, that allowed the formation of the tombolo that almost connected it to the continent. Through the analysis of historical and cartographic documents related to the colonization and economic exploitation of the region, it is evident that the anthropogenic actions played a significant role in the sandy spits formation. Of these, special emphasis is placed on the agriculture and deforestation that contributed to the increase of sedimentary accumulation. This work demonstrate that the analysis of historical documents can provide information and contribute to the understanding of recent coastal developments. Resumo Os primeiros estudos sobre a constituicao do sistema lagunar de Araruama, localizado no estado do Rio de Janeiro (SE Brasil), foram realizados por Alberto Ribeiro Lamego. Este autor apoiou a tese de que este sistema lagunar resultou da formacao de uma barreira arenosa (denominada Massambaba) na sequencia do transporte longitudinal de grandes quantidades de sedimentos atraves das correntes costeiras de deriva litorânea e ao crescimento de flechas arenosas paralelas a linha de costa. No entanto, estudos mais recentes, rejeitaram amplamente esta hipotese, e sugeriram que o confinamento desses ambientes lagunares resultou do crescimento de duas barreiras arenosas na sequencia de mudancas no nivel do mar ocorridas durante os periodos Pleistocenicos e Holocenico (120.000 a 7.000 anos antes do presente - BP). A hipotese que sugerimos e que ambas as hipoteses sao aceitaveis e complementares. Este estudo tem como objetivo demonstrar que, apesar das opinioes sobre a formacao da dupla barreira de areia, a deposicao de sedimentos por correntes de deriva costeira no final do Holoceno, e principalmente em cronologias recentes, tambem contribuiu para o estabelecimento deste sistema lagunar. Em nossa opiniao, o aumento do fornecimento de sedimentos devido as atividades humanas contribuiu para a formacao das flechas arenosas interiores e do banco de areia exterior, proximo do mar. A sua orientacao foi influenciada pela existencia da ilha de Cabo Frio, que permitiu a formacao do tombolo que quase a conectou ao continente. Atraves da analise de documentos historicos e cartograficos relacionados com a colonizacao e exploracao economica da regiao, evidencia-se que as acoes antropogenicas tiveram um papel significativo na formacao das flechas arenosas. De entre estas, salienta-se especialmente a agricultura e o desmatamento que contribuiram para o aumento da acumulacao sedimentar. Este trabalho evidencia que a analise de documentos historicos pode fornecer informacoes e contribuir para a compreensao da evolucao recente do litoral.

journal of sedimentary environments

AN APPROACH TO THE CONTRIBUTION OF ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIONS FOR THE ARARUAMA LAGOONAL SYSTEM (SE BRAZIL) GEOMORPHOLOGICAL EVOLUTION / UMA ABORDAGEM SOBRE A INFLUÊNCIA ANTROPOGÊNICA NA EVOLUÇÃO GEOMORFOLÓGICA DO SISTEMA LAGUNAR DE ARARUAMA (SE, BRASIL)