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DOI: 10.12957/dep.2016.26512 Abstract The intriguing coincidence between the global diffusion, in the 1990s, of measures of privatization and market liberalization characteristic of neoliberalism, and the worldwide spread of competition laws to control the economic power of corporations has been often naturalized or silenced. How to make sense of the fact that the liberalization of markets was accompanied by more regulation directed to control the behavior of corporations? The hypothesis here developed is that competition law, as it has been practiced, contributed to the production of an economic arrangement propelled by neoliberal ideals. I argue that the dominant approach to the enforcement of competition law has legitimized one of its defining traces, the concentration of economic power. To illustrate this hypothesis, the article gathers empirical evidence from a case study of the enforcement of the regulation of economic power by the Brazilian competition authority, the Administrative Council for Economic Defence (CADE), between 1994 and 2010. Keywords: competition law – economic concentration – neoliberalism – CADE Resumo Com frequencia, a intrigante coincidencia entre a difusao global, nos anos 1990, de medidas de privatizacao e liberalizacao de mercado caracteristicas do neoliberalismo e a criacao e reforma de leis de concorrencia para controlar o poder economico das empresas e silenciada ou naturalizada. Como explicar que a liberalizacao dos mercados foi acompanhada de mais regulacao voltada a controlar o comportamento das empresas? A hipotese desenvolvida neste artigo e que a regulacao concorrencia, da maneira que foi implementada, compatibilizou-se com a producao de um arranjo economico propagado pelos ideais neoliberais. Argumento que a abordagem dominante sobre a aplicacao do direito concorrencial (enforcement) legitimou um dos tracos definidores do neoliberalismo, a concentracao do poder economico. Para ilustrar essa hipotese, o artigo reune evidencias empiricas de um estudo de caso sobre a pratica da regulacao do poder economico pelo Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Economica (CADE) no Brasil, entre 1994 e 2010. Palavras-chave: direito da concorrencia – concentracao economica – neoliberalismo – CADE

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Direito da concorrência e neoliberalismo: a regulação da concentração econômica no Brasil / Competition law and neoliberalism: the regulation of economic concentration in Brazil