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DOI  10.12957/dep.2011.2700 Resumo Este trabalho procura pensar o problema da estrutura cognitiva da ciencia do direito atraves da pesquisa juridica. Este problema sera definido pela dificuldade enfrentada por certos setores da pesquisa juridica de lidar com a realidade fenomenica. Opondo ao racionalismo positivista o empirismo social, eles terminam por nao distinguir as categorias objeto real e objeto teorico no proprio ato de conhecer o direito. Da mesma forma que nenhuma distincao consequente e frequentemente feita entre o real e o concreto. Some-se a isto o fato de que as definicoes e os conceitos, genericos ou especificos, nao sao historicamente analisados em sua transformacao e em seu carater polemico, quanto ao que distinguem ou excluem, por exemplo, o que impede a realizacao de analises conjunturais. Por outro lado, a ausencia do conceito de problematica na producao do conhecimento do direito - que explica parcialmente a realidade da pesquisa juridica no Brasil – expressa outro dado desta mesma realidade. Esta situacao e considerada como limite a producao do conhecimento cientifico. A epistemologia bachelardiana sera mobilizada principalmente para discutir os obstaculos epistemologicos no âmbito da pratica da pesquisa juridica, principalmente quanto a distincao entre os objetos real e teorico. A epistemologia de Gaston Bachelard sera tambem utilizada para fazer a releitura do marxismo de modo a estabelecer a relacao deste com o direito quanto a questoes teoricas, cientificas e epistemologicas fundamentais para a pratica da pesquisa juridica. Palavras-chave: epistemologia; pesquisa juridica; ciencia do direito Abstract This paper seeks to consider the problem of the cognitive structure of the science of law through legal research. This problem will be defined by the difficulty faced by certain sectors of the legal research to deal with the phenomenal reality. Opposing positivist rationalism to social empiricism, they end up not distinguish real and theoretical objects in the very act of knowing the law. Similarly no distinction is often made between real and concrete realities. Add to this the fact that the definitions and concepts, generic or specific, are not analyzed in its historical transformation and its controversial character, as to exclude or to distinguish, for example, which prevents the execution of situational analysis . On the other hand, the absence of the concept of problem in the production of knowledge of the law - which partly explains the reality of legal research in Brazil – expresses other aspect of this reality. This is considered to limit the production of scientific knowledge. Bachelard's epistemology will be deployed mainly to discuss the epistemological obstacles in the practice of legal research, as well as the distinction between real and theoretical objects. Gaston Bachelard's epistemology will also be used to make the rereading of Marxism in order to establish the relationship of Marxism and right about theoretical, scientific and epistemological questions considered as fundamental to the practice of legal research. Keywords: epistemology; legal research; science of law

Reflexões epistemológicas sobre o direito e a prática da pesquisa jurídica / Epistemological reflections on the right and the legal research