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Bifidobacterium infantis , a Gram-positive bacterium, is one of the commonly used probiotics. We previously showed that B. infantis modified host defense systems and extended the lifespan of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans . In the present study, we showed that the lifespan extension caused by B. infantis was enhanced in animals having a mutation in the tol-1 gene that encodes the sole C. elegans homolog of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Meanwhile, lifespan increased by other probiotic bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis or Clostridium butyricum , was not affected in the tol-1 mutant animals. A microarray analysis revealed that the expression of innate immune response-related genes was significantly increased in the tol-1 mutant. Worms with the tol-1 mutation exhibited reduced leaving behavior from the B. infantis lawn, while canonical downstream factors trf-1 /TRAF and ikb-1 /IκB appeared to not be involved. In conclusion, C. elegans tol-1 /TLR regulates B. infantis -induced longevity and also regulates behavior against B. infantis .

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Toll-like receptor homolog TOL-1 regulates &lt;i&gt;Bifidobacterium infantis&lt;/i&gt;-elicited longevity and behavior in &lt;i&gt;Caenorhabditis elegans&lt;/i&gt;