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Recent collecting surveys in the Sierra de Manantlan Biosphere Reserve, Jalisco (Mexico), uncovered the existence of a new population of the Mexican spiny pocket mouse, Heteromys irroratus .  Because the subspecies H. i. bulleri and H. i. jaliscensis occur nearby, our objective was to properly determine the taxonomic identity of the novel sample.  Also, we evaluate its distinctiveness, both in terms of genetic divergence and phylogenetic placement, relative to other members of H. irroratus .  Preliminary, we compared external and cranial measurements of recently collected individuals to those reported for representatives of the subspecies of H. irroratus occurring close by.  In addition, we examined levels of genetic differentiation and phylogenetic relationships, based on sequence data of the Cytochrome b , among this population and other members of H. irroratus , including an individual from Sierra de Juanacatlan, Jalisco, the type locality of H. i. bulleri . Phylogenetic relationships were estimated using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference methods and levels of genetic divergence were assessed employing Kimura-2-parameters genetic distances.  Samples from Sierra de Manantlan and Sierra de Juanacatlan were grouped together in a well-supported haplogroup and genetic distances between them were lower than 10.05 %.  Comparison of external and cranial measurements showed that, in average, individuals from Sierra de Manantlan are larger than those of H. i. jaliscensis , but more similar in size to H. i. bulleri . Our results show that the new population of the Mexican spiny pocket mouse from Sierra de Manantlan belongs to H. i. bulleri .  In addition, the phylogenetic separation and the high levels of genetic divergence of H. i. bulleri , relative to other members of H. irroratus , suggest that the first should be recognized as a species-level taxon.  Considering the scarce collecting records of H. i. bulleri and the known area of occurrence, that is very restricted, this taxon may warrant special conservation status.

Molecular data suggest that Heteromys irroratus bulleri should be recognized as a species-level taxon