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Using data from Greek and Roman texts and from the archaeological record, we analyse the ethnic and politi- cal complexity of the bay of Cadiz, with particular empha- sis on the city of Gadir. We suggest that the Phoenician col- onisation and the phenomena of mixture and acculturation of the local populations of this area shaped a demographic and cultural basis with areas of Phoenician dominance, for instance in the area of the bay, and others of tartessian-tur- detanian majority that coexisted with Phoenician communi- ties. The literature after the Roman conquest (Strabo, Mela, Pliny, Ptolemy) named Bastetanians the populations of Se- mitic origin living in the Atlantic and Mediterranean littoral of present-day Andalusia (Spain) which were ethnically dif- ferent from the Turdetanians. In relation with political issues, we suggest a delimitation of the territory of Gadir, in the in- sular area and littoral of the bay, which acted as a frontier with the state formations of Asta Regia and Asido. We cri- tique the concept of the "gaditanian-punic league" in which Gadir would have led the ancient Phoenician colonies of Ibe- ria. In our opinion, the city would only have acquired that role after the Roman conquest. Key word: Gadir, Ethnicity, political context, punic period

La bahía de Cádiz en el contexto del mundo púnico: aspectos étnicos y políticos