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The definition of the beginning of life and the protection of the right to lifewhen conflicting entitlements and interests emerge are highly disputed issuesworldwide, and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR) and theEuropean Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) have been called to tackle thesequestions in their jurisprudence, especially when reproductive rights were atstake. In this respect, this paper focuses on the status of human embryo andon prenatal life and provides an assessment of the approaches that the twoCourts have developed when dealing with such delicate issues as in vitrofertilization (IVF) and abortion, respectively through the pervasive scrutinyof the San Jose Court and its purposeful impact on the domestic sphere and usually through the recognition of a wide margin of appreciation by theStrasbourg Court. In this regard, this paper provides an analysis of the Courts'most significant case law, as Artavia Murillo v. Costa Rica and 'Beatriz' cases,with reference to the IACtHR, and the ECtHR's decisions Vo v. France, Evansv. the United Kingdom, S.H. and Others v. Austria, Costa and Pavan v. Italy,Parrillo v. Italy and A, B, C v. Ireland, while considering the peculiarities ofthe systems of the American Convention on Human Rights and the EuropeanConvention on Human Rights and the role of the Convention on Human Rightsand Biomedicine and its Protocols in Strasbourg jurisprudence. Moving fromthis assessment, this paper aims to suggest possible solutions to improve theresults achieved by the two Courts, also through judicial cross-fertilization andthrough reference to the relevant international instruments according to Article31(3)(c) of the Vienna Convention on the Law of the Treaties, for example theright to enjoy the benefits of scientific progress enshrined in the InternationalCovenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.

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The Protection of the Right to life at the Intersection between Reproductive Rights and Scientific Progress in the Jurisprudence of the Inter- American Court of Human Rights and the European Court of Human Rights