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Experiments are an important source of basic information in petrology, from thermodynamic data used to develop predictive models to physical property data used to understand magma ascent and eruption. Since we all use experimental data in our work as geoscientists, it is important that we have a basic understanding of the methods used to prepare and perform experiments on rocks and minerals and their synthetic analogues. In this review I examine how the observational science of geology changed in the late 1800’s with the development of the interdisciplinary science of physical chemistry. The second part of the paper discusses what factors need to be considered in designing an experimental study; it focuses particularly on the problems of reaching equilibrium on the short timescales available in the laboratory. In the final section, I give four examples of geological problems that have been solved using experimental methods and make some suggestions about the directions that future experimental campaigns might take.RESUMEL’experimentation est une source importante d’information de base en petrologie, qu’il s’agisse de donnees thermodynamiques pour developper des modeles predictifs, ou des proprietes physiques utilises pour comprendre la montee et l’eruption d’un magma. Puisque nous utilisons tous des donnees experimentales dans notre travail de geoscientifique, il est important que nous ayons une comprehension minimale des methodes utilisees pour preparer et realiser des experiences sur les roches, les mineraux et leurs analogues de synthese. Dans la presente etude, je me suis penche sur les changements survenus en science d’observation qu’est la geologie, a la fin des annees 1800, avec le developpement de la science interdisciplinaire de la chimie physique. La deuxieme partie de l’article traite des facteurs a prendre en compte dans la conception d’une etude experimentale; elle porte en particulier sur les problemes d’atteinte d’un equilibre sur les temps courts du laboratoire. Dans la derniere section, je donne quatre exemples de problemes geologiques qui ont ete resolus a l’aide de methodes experimentales, et je fais des suggestions sur des orientations qui pourraient etre adoptees lors de campagnes experimentales a venir.

Igneous Rock Associations 22. Experimental Petrology: Methods, Examples, and Applications