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www.emed-journal.com NOVEMBER 2017 I EMERGENCY MEDICINE 499 T he earliest known reported experimental intervention for defibrillation was in 1899, when Prevost and Battelli discovered that small electrical impulses could induce ventricular fibrillation (V-fib) in canine subjects.1 They later found that applying larger electrical impulses on canine subjects could reverse V-fib back to normal cardiac rhythm.1 In 1930, Kouwenhoven, an electrical engineer, invented the first external cardiac defibrillator, and the first successful defibrillation performed on a human was reported in 1947.2 Defibrillation devices have since evolved from the application of paddle electrodes to self-adhesive electrodes. With the intent of producing a lifesustaining rhythm, a large dose of an electrical current from the defibrillator is used to depolarize the heart’s entire electrical conduction system. As medicine and technology advance, we continue to strive for better and more effective ways to improve the probability of survival for patients in cardiac arrest. One area of increasing interest in potentially improving survival rates is the use of double sequential defibrillation (DSD; double simultaneous defibrillation) in patients with V-fib and ventricular tachycardia (V-tach).

The (Friendly) Ghosts of Emergency Medicine Past, Present, and Yet to Come