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Military orders sought not only to prevent disputes with similar foundations by agreeing regulations on subjects such as transfers between orders but also to establish long-term procedures for the settlement by arbitration of disputes, particularly about property rights. These usually provided for the naming of a certain number of arbiters drawn from the orders themselves.Yet in practice these arrangements for arbitration were commonly ignored, and ad hoc measures were usually taken to bring altercations to an end: decisions were often entrusted to external arbiters or to the pope. There were several possible reasons for this neglect of agreed procedures, including ignorance on the part of officials. Provisions for the avoidance or settlement of disputes were just one aspect of the networks which were created, either formally or informally, between military orders and which also provided for co-operation in war and mutual aid and defence against aggressors.

Procedures for the Settlement of Disputes between Military Orders in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries