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In 2015 the Romanian anthropologist Vintilă Mihăilescu wrote about the practice of migration in the case of the Romanian society, showing how it is ultimately deeply rooted, before 1989, in the communist period. Under the pressure of internal migration from villages to cities, the traditional Romanian family suffered a major structural transformation. According to the Romanian anthropologist, the diffuse family–household, as he calls it, seems to be “the grandmother” of the transnational family. The current practices of transnational families were formed based on these roots, of the “diffuse” family. Starting from the idea of Mihăilescu, the aim of this article1 is to investigate the main (re)structures of the kinship practices in the Romanian society under the impact of external migration after 1989. One of the findings of the study shows that in the Romanian traditional society, preserving kinship cohesion meant a series of obligations and liabilities that were often transmitted from one generation to another without being questioned. They basically constituted and maintained the channel of communication between family members. The members of transnational families have absorbed these traditional structu1 The present article represents a developed version of the presentation held at the V4Net Visegrád Anthropologists’ Network Conference Social and Cultural Consequences of Voluntary and Forced Migration in Europe, April 1-2, 2019, Poznan (Poland). Part of the material presented in this article was published in an early form in the study “Family cohesion. ‘Diffuse family’ practices and the transnational perspective”, in Romanian Journal of Population Studies, Vol. XI, No. 2, 2017.

“Are we still a family?” The perspective from Romanian transnational families