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On Wednesday 14 January 1767 the London businessman Samuel Orton began his last journey. It lasted several hours and led from the condemned’s cell in Newgate Gaol to Tyburn, the usual place of execution for the capital’s criminals. He did not travel alone. On the two carts which followed him were carried the twenty-six-year-old Thomas Thornhill, called Captain because of his earlier military service, and two equally young sailors, Walker and Johnston. Orton led the procession not only because he was older (forty-three years old) and because of his higher social position than the other condemned men. He travelled to his death in a different kind of vehicle, a ‘mourning coach’, which was suitably emphasized by the press reports. What was the meaning of this difference, given that at the end of the journey all four faced the same punishment: public execution by hanging? Should we read into this traces of ‘class’ distinctions in English society, which were already clearly visible in the middle of the eighteenth century and which were demonstrated even in such particular circumstances? Such an interpretation would correspond with the well known theses of the historians linked to the ‘Warwick school’, which has interpreted the English penal system through the prism of the dominant paradigm of the ‘owners’ of the law and plebeians, casting the latter as the victims of its operation. A close reading of the reports of this execution

By Coach to the Scaffold: Theatres of Remorse in Eighteenth-Century London