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Laser cleaning has been applied in the conservation of objects of cultural heritage since the early 1980s. Nowadays its technology is the object of many scientific studies. Laser can be applied on different objects of cultural heritage, while for objects with specific problems, in some cases, it is even indispensable. However, it has not yet become part of the standard procedure in the conservation studios. Despite the existence of an adequate legal framework and the scientific achievements in this field, the main conservation laboratories in Europe are still insufficiently equipped. The general objective of this article is to join the efforts of other institutions in promoting the concept of modern approach to heritage conservation, which could be defined as a combination of art, science and technology. Therefore, it presents an equipment that can meet these requirements and is both available and economically acceptable. This equipment was applied in two case studies of the conservation of objects with specific problems. The subject of research and conservation were two works of art: the painting Portrait of Jelena Milojevic with her daughters from 1922, the work of the Russian painter Valentin V. Volkov, and the Ukrainian icon Holy Mother of God from the 19th century. Portrait of Jelena Milojevic with her daughters: by observing the results of chemical cleaning tests under the UV light, it was concluded that due to the very high sensitivity of some pigments it was impossible to apply this methodology on such delicate surfaces. The laser cleaning, which had already proved to be an acceptable alternative for chemical cleaning of easel paintings, was the only solution in this case. Icon Holy Mother of God: the icon was made with a technique of egg tempera in the 19th century in Ukraine. A bronze coating was subsequently added on the aureoles, below which there was a gilding sheet. This sheet was poorly linked to the preparation layer so that any intervention, whether it was mechanical, chemical or laser cleaning, would have caused its removal together with the bronze coating. But when the surface layer was first irradiated at 1064 nm, the added layer of coating was separated from the original layer, which allowed, subsequently, an easy mechanical removal of unwanted layers. Combination treatment of the aureoles using two techniques – laser cleaning and mechanical removal – is faster and more uniform than in the case of treatment by other techniques.

Easel paintings on canvas and panel: application of Nd:YAG laser at 355 nm, 1064 nm and UV, IR and visible light for the development of new methodologies in conservation