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In the framework of the COBRA (Conservation of Cultural Heritage through Radiation and Enabling Technologies) project a multidisciplinary study was carried out in order to restore the mural painting of the dome of the S. Costanzo church in Ronciglione (Italy). Large difficulties were met during the restitutive restoration of the original renaissance fresco decorating the dome, patronized by the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage (SABAP RM MET). In fact, two and sometimes three layers of paint, which lays on an extremely crumbled substrate were detected on the surface, in addition to large, deep and complex degradation forms with the presence of efflorescence. To solve such a critical situation, researchers, conservators and laser cleaning system suppliers collaborated to plan the most appropriate intervention. Laser-based diagnostics were employed to characterize different areas of the fresco surface before and after cleaning tests. In particular, ENEA offered its prototypes of LIF (Laser Induced Fluorescence) and RGB-ITR (Red Green Blue Imaging Topological Radar, an innovative 3D colour laser scanner) in addition to a laser Raman system and an infrared camera for thermographic measurements for both the material and degradation recognition and a micro-structural study. The results obtained allowed pointing at the most suitable restoration and conservation strategies. The cleaning tests were performed with both classical methods and lasers made available by El.En. group. Different operative parameters such as pulse duration, repetition rate, energy were tested. The laser employed made it possible to overpass the difficulties encountered by other cleaning techniques: degradation and painting layers were removed selectively, allowing bringing to light the original surface.

Laser-based techniques for a multidisciplinary action aimed at the restitutive restoration of S. Costanzo church in Ronciglione (Italy)