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Iceland created national identification numbers in the early 1950s as part of the process of automating civil registration. Numbers were based on a person's birth­date. In 1959, an additional “name number” for each person was created, based on the position of the person's name in alphabetical order. After Iceland began to issue per­sonal identity cards showing the name number in 1965, the practice of using the name number as a unique personal identifier slowly penetrated through all of society. By the 1980s, the name number space became exhausted, and in 1987-1988 the name number was replaced by the birthdate-based number, rechristened the “kennitala.” Compared to other countries, the kennitala is very widely used, and its status approaches that of an alternative name. As well, the databases that allow conversion between a given per­son's name and kennitala are publicly accessible. Some individuals and data protec­tion organizations have expressed concerns about the wide use of identification numbers in Iceland, as well as the transparent use of the birthdate in the kennitala. Howev­er, others have successfully argued against any major changes, and the system seems to enjoy general acceptance. The Icelandic numbering system is unusual by inter­national standards and the article attempts to bring its history to a larger audience.  Personuauðkennisnumer voru buin til i islenskri stjornsýslu snemma a sjotta aratug 20. aldar þegar almannaskraning var faerð yfir a tolvuspjold. Numerin byggð­ust a faeðingardegi hvers einstaklings. Nafnnumerið svokallaða baettist við arið 1959 og byggðist a hvar nafnið stoð i stafrofsroð. Eftir utgafu nafnskirteina með nafnnumeri arið 1965 varð notkun nafnnumera smam saman algengari i daglegu lifi. Rýmið i nafnnumerakerfinu fylltist a niunda aratugnum og a arunum 1987-88 var nafnnumerinu skipt ut fyrir gamla numerið, sem var endurskirt sem „kennitala.“ Miðað við onnur lond er kennitalan mikið notuð a Islandi og staða hennar jafngildir naestum þvi nafni. I gagnagrunnum, sem opnir eru almenningi, ma gefa upp kennitolu og finna nafn við­komanda (og ofugt). Stofnanir, samtok og einstaklingar, sem lata sig personuvernd varða, hafa lýst yfir ahyggjum af breiðri notkun auðkennisnumera a Islandi, en einnig af þvi að kennitalan inniheldur faeðingardaginn. Aðrir hafa hins vegar maelt a moti storum breytingum a kerfinu og það virðist vera almennur stuðningur við það. I al­þjoðlegu samhengi er islenska personuauðkenniskerfið ovenjulegt og markmið grein­arinnar er að veita fleirumupplýsingar um sogu þess.

A short history of national identification numbering in Iceland