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Resumo . Alguns vespideos sociais neotropicais se associam com alguns vertebrados e outros insetos, sendo essas interacoes relatadas ha decadas, entretanto pouco se sabe sobre a presenca dessas no Bioma Caatinga e Mata Atlântica. Neste estudo descreve-se o primeiro registro de ocorrencia da associacao entre ninhos de vespas Polybia rejecta (Fabricius) e formigas Azteca chartifex Forel em area de transicao da Mata Atlântica e Caatinga no Rio Grande do Norte. As observacoes ocorreram em mata particular no municipio de Monte Alegre, de outubro de 2009 a setembro de 2014 atraves da busca ativa por colonias, uso do metodo ad libitum , fotografia e coleta de especimes com posterior identificacao. Na area de estudo foram localizadas quatro colonias ativas e uma abandonada de P. rejecta , todas associadas aos ninhos de A. chartifex com aproximacao de 20 a 30 cm. Verificou-se que, quando a colonia de P. rejecta era perturbada, os individuos se tornavam agressivos, enquanto que as formigas se aglomeravam no intuito de se defenderem de um provavel predador. Essas interacoes parecem beneficiar tanto vespas como formigas, pois se supoe que as vespas agridam possiveis predadores das formigas, enquanto que as formigas atacam aves e primatas predadores das vespas. Este trabalho corrobora com a hipotese de que a associacao entre vespas sociais P. rejecta e formigas A. chartifex e benefica para ambas as especies, e que provavelmente as vespas sao as mais beneficiadas, como tambem revela a nao exclusividade dessa associacao para os biomas aqui relatados. Nesting Polybia rejecta (Fabricius)(Hymenoptera: Vespidae) Associated with  Azteca chartifex Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Ecotone Caatinga/Atlantic Forest, in the State of Rio Grande do Norte Abstract . Some neotropical social wasps which are associated with some vertebrates and other insects like ants, and these interactions are reported for decades, but little is known about the presence of these in the Caatinga and Atlantic Forest. This study describes the first association's record between nests of Polybia rejecta (Fabricius) wasp and Azteca chartifex Forel ants in the transition area of the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga in Rio Grande do Norte. The observations were in a private forest in Monte Alegre, from October 2009 to September 2014 through active search for colonies, use of ad libitum method, photography and collection of specimens with traceability. In the study area were found four active colonies and one abandoned of P. rejecta , all associated with nests of A. chartifex with approach of 20-30 cm. It was found that when the colony of P. rejecta was disturbed, they became aggressive towards the disturbance object, whereas the ants gathered in order to fend off a potential predators. These interactions appear to benefit wasps and ants, it is assumed that is possible that wasps attack ants's predators, whereas the ants attack the wasps's predators. This study corroborates the hypothesis that the association between the social wasps P. rejecta and A. chartifex ants is beneficial for both species, and probably the wasps are the most benefited, but also shows the non-exclusivity of this association for the biomes up then reported.

entomobrasilis

Nidificação de Polybia rejecta (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) Associada à Azteca chartifex Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) em Ecótono de Bioma Caatinga/Mata Atlântica, no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte