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In the temperate zones, termites play a minor ecological role, while, in the tropics, they dominate among the decomposing invertebrates, corresponding to about 10% of the total animal biomass and up to 95% of the soil insect biomass. At the same time, the tropical zones have more productive environments, lower climatic variation, greater ecological stability, and are richer in species. In this study, we evaluated termite species richness, composition, and trophic groups in 14 sites at different altitudes distributed in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil from previous published surveys. We tested whether there would be a pattern linking those three variables to altitude and bioclimatic factors. We found no significant correlation between species richness and altitude. Bioclimatic variables did not explain the differences in species composition neither in functional group. However, species number, though not statistically different, and composition varied among sampling sites. We suggest that further surveys should be conducted along with greater collection effort and number of sampled sites as to provide a better understanding of the factors affecting the termite fauna of Southern Brazil. Ausencia de Relacao Entre Riqueza, Grupo Funcional e Variaveis Ambientais para Termitas (Insecta: Isoptera) no Sul do Brasil Resumo . Nas zonas temperadas, os termitas tem um papel ecologico reduzido, enquanto que, nos tropicos, dominam entre os invertebrados decompositores e correspondem a cerca de 10% do total da biomassa animal e quase 95% da biomassa de insetos de solo. Ao mesmo tempo, as zonas tropicais possuem ambientes mais produtivos, menor variacao climatica, maior estabilidade ecologica e riqueza de especies. No presente trabalho, avaliamos a riqueza, composicao e os grupos funcionais dos termitas de 14 localidades em diferentes altitudes no Rio Grande do Sul, sul do Brasil, a partir de dados ja publicados. Testamos se existiria um padrao relacionando essas tres variaveis a altitude e aos fatores bioclimaticos. Os resultados nao mostraram correlacao significativa entre riqueza de especies e altitude, assim como os fatores bioclimaticos nao explicaram a variacao na composicao de especies e dos grupos funcionais. No entanto, o numero, embora nao significativo, e a composicao de especies foram diferentes entre os locais de coleta. Sugerimos a ampliacao dos levantamentos, com maior esforco amostral e maior numero de pontos amostrados, para identificar os fatores ambientais que influenciam a termitofauna do sul do Brasil.

Absence of Relationship Among Termite (Insecta: Isoptera) Richness, Functional Groups and Environmental Variables in Southern Brazil