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Forest plantation is a necessary and complex element of reforestation activities. Artificial reforestation is effective when agrotechnical cultivation of young plants is observed, the peculiarities of the soil and soil conditions in the Природопользование  Лесотехнический журнал 1/2019 55 designated area, the composition and structure of forest stands in the forest walls along the perimeter of the forest cultures area are taken into account. Tillage is not always a determining factor in the high survival rate and safety of forest plantations. It has been established that there is not always a guarantee of plantation preservation regardless of the technology of their creation. Replacement of spruce with pine is a very rare phenomenon. Spruce forest plantations, created in 2004 after cutting bilberry pine trees, and spruce forest plantations of 2009 after cutting a lingonberry pine tree by 2018 were transformed into pine young stands of natural origin. In the first area, only 600 from 2,770 (per hectare) of planted spruce seedlings have been preserved, and in the second area 750 plants from 3,600 per hectare. At the same time, the number of undergrowth of pine of natural origin in the first section is 4,740 ind/ha, and in the second – 2,800 ind/ha. Without pretreatment of soil, the number of self-seeding in the first case is almost two times more than in the plot with tillage. In both cases, young plants, in addition to pine include undergrowth of spruce, birch and aspen. The composition of the young stock in the first section is 45B31P12Sp8OS4Sp, and in the second one 60B36P13E1As. The total number of young plants in the first area is 9,550 ind/ha, and in the second one 16,060 ind/ha. Since birch undergrowth prevails in both areas, thinning should be reduced. The number of underbrush is only 250-720 ind/ha. There are only three species in the undergrowth mountain ash, buckthorn and willow. The species composition of the grass-shrub and moss-lichen tiers is also not very diverse. Predominant species reflect the initial forest type. In spite of fresh and sometimes moist soils, heather and blueberry dominate in the first section (here soil was not pretreated for forest cultures), heath dominated in the second plot: 70 % – projective cover, 97 % – occurrence. There is sphagnum and haircap at the bottom of the furrows.

NATURAL REPLACEMENT OF SPRUCE BY PINE ON THE AREAS OF FOREST PLANTATIONS