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The placenta is a feto-maternal interface during pregnancy. The mouse placenta consists of three major zones: the maternal decidual zone, the junctional zone, and the inner labyrinth zone (Fig. 1A). The labyrinth zone, which has the most complex structure of the three, includes maternal vascular sinusoids and fetal blood vessels, where the exchange of oxygen and nutrients occurs (Fig. 1B). Fetal vessels are separated from maternal blood by the blood-placental barrier, which is formed by a single layer of mononuclear trophoblast cells (layer I), a double layer of syncytiotrophoblast cells (layer II and III), and fetal vascular endothelial cells. To reveal the structure of the labyrinth zone at the light microscopic level, we carried out double immunofluorescence labeling of Slc2a1 (also known as glucose transporter type 1) and Gjb2 (also known as Connexin-26) (Fig. 2). Slc2a1 was primarily expressed on the syncytiotrophoblast cell surfaces facing maternal and fetal blood spaces (i.e., on both sides of the double layer of the syncytiotrophoblast) (Fig. 2B). In contrast, Gjb2 was mainly present between the two layers of the syncytiotrophoblast (i.e., between layers II and III) (Fig. 2E). This is consistent with the results of previous immunohistochemical studies of the rat placenta. Slc2a1 and Gjb2 immunohistochemistry is a useful tool to visualize the complex structure of the mouse placenta at the light microscopic level.

The Complex Structure of the Mouse Placental Labyrinth Revealed by Double Immunofluorescence Labeling of Slc2a1 and Gjb2