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The effects of the anaesthetic agents, clove oil and mixture of clove oil with lidocaine-HCl were evaluated on river puffer, Takifugu obscurus and tiger puffer, T. rubripes . Anaesthesia times of clove oil were affected by water temperature (20℃, 24℃, and 28℃) and salinity (10, 20, and 30 ppt). Anaesthesia times of mixed samples were significantly similar with regard to exposure and recovery times, and all samples satisfied anaesthesia criteria (exposure time within 3 min and recovery time within 5 min) under the various temperatures and salinities, and the lowest to highest concentration of anaesthetics ( p &lt;0.05). Both species river puffer and tiger puffer had short exposure time with a high anaesthesia dose, high temperature (28℃) and intermediate salinity (20 ppt), and were highly affected by temperature and salinity ( p &lt;0.05). The mixed anaesthetics had rapid exposure times and long recovery times in contrast to the effects of clove oil. Cortisol concentrations under the conditions of various clove oil dosages, salinity, and temperature for both species increased until 12 hrs after recovery from anaesthesia ( p &lt;0.05). After 12 hrs, cortisol concentrations decreased until after 48 hrs ( p &lt;0.05). During the simulated transportation of both species, control and sedated clove oil groups (5 ppm) were measured for water parameters, dissolved oxygen (DO), CO 2 , respiratory frequency, NH 4  + , and pH for 6 hrs in 1 hr intervals. Water parameters of sedated groups and controls were significantly different after 2 hrs ( p &lt;0.05).

Anaesthetic Efficacy and Physiological Response of Clove Oil and Lidocaine-HCl on River Puffer, Takifugu obscurus and Tiger Puffer, T. rubripes