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The bacteriocins are bactericidal substances, protein in nature, which are synthesized by certain strains of bacteria and are active against some other strains of the same or closely related species of bacteria. The production of bacteriocins appears to be a widespread phenomenon. In most cases, each family of bacteriocins consists of many different types with the variation in the detailed activity spectra. Although many reports on bacteriocin have been appeared, only a few reports on bacteriocin from Erwinia species have been published until now. Hamon and Peron found that some strains belonging to genus Erwinia produced bacteriocins,l) which they called carotovoricin. Endo, Tsuyama and Nakatani suggested that the antibacterial agents produced by Erwinia carotovora are bacteriocins characterized as a large molecular protein.2) Carotovoricin, however, have not been purified homogeneously and characterized, so far. It has been reported from this laboratory that the pectolytic enzyme formation of Enwinia aroideae (AMS 6082) is markedly stimulated when nalidixic acid, mitomycin C or bleomycin, which are all known as inhibitors of DNA synthesis, is added to a culture medium. It has also been suggested that the pectolytic enzyme formation is accompanied with the induction of bacteriophage-like particles.) In previous paper, we have shown that the pectolytic enzyme induced by nalidixic acid was different from the enzyme formed under normal growth conditions, and suggested that the phage-like particles may be bacteriocins.4) To investigate whether or not phage-like particles induced by nalidixic acid have bacteriocin activity, we tested susceptibility to these particles of various strains of Erwinia species as indicator strains. As shown in Table I, the cell-free culture fluid from Erwinia aroideae (AMS 6082) induced by nalidixic acid showed the bacteriocin activity against both Erwinia carotovora-2 and Erwinia aroideae-645Ar. This bacteriocin activity was also induced by mitomycin C or ultraviolet light irradiation, while it could not be detected in the culture fluid of normal growth. The bacteriocin TABLE 1. SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF VARIOUS STRAINS OF GENUS Erwinia TO BACTERIOCIN-LIKE PARTICLES INDUCED BY NALIDIXIC ACID

Bacteriocins in Erwinia aroideae with tail like structure of bacteriophages.