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The paper fits in the area of anthropological research on everyday life from a historical perspective. The paper concerns the habits of wine consumption in the Polish lands in the sixteenth century and the range of its uses. The materials used in researching the project included Polish narrative sources – herbaria and chronicles, as well as accounts of foreigners who visited Poland in the studied period. As an imported beverage, wine was expensive and thus treated as a luxury drink. It was drunk mostly by people of high social and material status. The practice of serving wine, instead of locally produced beer, was often criticised by contemporary moralist writers. Wine was associated with foreign cultural influences, and seen as a departure from the traditional beer. In the Polish lands in the sixteenth century, wine was used as a drink, medicine and cooking ingredient. Wine was imported from southern Europe, mostly Hungary, Moravia, Austria, Macedonia, Istria, Italy and Greece. French, Spanish and Rhenish wines were less popular. Sweet wines dominated among the imports. As Poles weren't familiar with the sophisticated taste of premium wines, merchants sometimes adulterated wine by adding various ingredients. Despite vociferous opposition to wine drinking from those who supported traditional Polish ways of drinking, eating, clothing and culture in general, wine gained more and more consumers and its sales steadily grew.

CULTURE AND TRADITION OF WINE DRINKING IN POLAND IN THE HALF OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY